Dr Mrs Madhuri P. Bhide
Professor and H.O.D.
Ayurved Samhita and Siddhanta Dept.
Bharati
Vidyapeeth,
Deemed To Be University, Pune
Sneha has been one of the prime part of the Ayurvedic treatment as it gives strength to the body organs and also the Pranas . Amongst all the snehas oil is one of the foremost type of Sneha. Sushrut samhita has characteristically explained variety of process sing of oils according to need of diseases.
He has explained a variety of oils as local
treatment of Vrana and also that of
internal use .The range of diversity is
stated from simple cold pressed oil (Aama Taila)without any process of mixing
any herb to the extensive and
complicated process of the Sahastrapaki taila .
1.
Ama Taila-
Aam Taila is
made by only cold Press of oil seeds on the machine . It is not boiled or the
Tail Mruchhan sanskar is not done in it. It is used in Talbhagna .(Fracture of
the Palm joint)
उभे तले समे कृत्वा तलभग्नस्य देहिनः |
बध्नीयादामतैलेन परिषेकं च कारयेत् ||३४|| Su Chi 3/34
Two palms
must be kept in same level,bandage it together and sprinkle it with raw ,non
medicated oil.
Such Aam
taila is used in various diseases like in properly done karna pali vedha . Aamtaila parishek is done
in this case.
तत्र सम्यग्विद्धमामतैलेन परिषेचयेत्, त्र्यहात्त्र्यहाच्च वर्तिं स्थूलतरां दद्यात्, परिषेकं च तमेव ||७||
Dalhan--तत्र सम्यग्विद्धमामतैलेन परिषेचयेत्, त्र्यहात्त्र्यहाच्च वर्तिं स्थूलतरां दद्यात्, परिषेकं च तमेव ||७|| Su chi 16/7
Thus a
simple cold pressed til oil is useful in some specific conditions.
Physiotherapy
in Sushrut Samhita-
मृत्पिण्डं [१] धारयेत् पूर्वं लवणं च ततः परम् |
हस्ते जातबले चापि कुर्यात् पाषाणधारणम् ||३५|| Su chi 3/35
In the
context of the use of oil for healing
fracture ,Sushrut has wisely advised a specialized Vihar ,that means now a days
can be called as physiotherapy. Ask the patient to hold and press the mud ball
in his hand initially. Since the mud is light weight and soft to break and to
give shape, it should be held first to build up muscular power. After some days
The harder rock salt should be hold and pressed. After getting enough strength
in muscles ( Jaat Bala) ask him to hold the hard stone.
Thus the muscular strength should be gradually increased.
2) Chakrataila-
The pressed
raw seasam without roasting them is called as Chakrataila. The simple ground unprocessed
Til oil is better than the machine drawn oil. The simple ground oil without
roasting and processing by machine is better in quality expected as Snigdha and
Guru.Here Sushrut has recommended simple oil as noteworthy in todays anti
bacterial era. Further it is advised to process it with the kalka of virechan
Dravyas and give it to patient.
तयोः कल्ककषायाभ्यां चक्रतैलं विपाचयेत् | Su Su 44/47
Dalhan-चक्रतैलमिति चक्रपीडितं तिलतैलं, हस्तादियन्त्रपीडननिषेधार्थं; चक्रे ह्यभृष्टा एव तिलादयः पीड्यन्ते, ते पुनर्गुणवत्तरा भवन्ति; यन्त्रेण भर्जनरूक्षितानां तिलानां स्नेहगुरुत्वादयो गुणा हीयन्त इति| Su Su 44/47
सुखोष्णमवचार्यं वा चक्रतैलं विजानता |१२|
चक्रतैलं सद्यःपीडितोद्धृतमेके वदन्ति, अन्ये पुनरणुतैलकल्पेन गृहीतमपक्वं तैलं चक्रतैलमाहुः|१२|-ch chi 3/12
Chippa
chikitsa-चिप्य(प्प)मुष्णाम्बुना सिक्तमुत्कृत्य स्रावयेद्भिषक् |
चक्रतैलेन चाभ्यज्य सर्जचूर्णेन चूर्णयेत् ||९||Su Chi 20/9
Dalhan-
चक्रतैलं चक्रपीडितं, हस्तादिपीडितव्युदासार्थं चक्रग्रहणम्
In the
disease Chipp, abhyang of Chakrataila is done.
3) Anu Taila- This is another special feature of the Sushrut
samhita as processing method.
तिलपरिपीडनोपकरणकाष्ठान्याहृत्यानल्पकालं तैलपरिपीतान्यणूनि खण्डशः कल्पयित्वाऽवक्षुद्य महति कटाहे पानीयेनाभिप्लाव्य क्वाथयेत्, ततः स्नेहमम्बुपृष्ठाद्यदुदेति तत् सरकपाण्योरन्यतरेणादाय वातघ्नौषधप्रतीवापं स्नेहपाककल्पेन विपचेत्, एतदणुतैलमुपदिशन्ति वातरोगिषु; अणुभ्यस्तैलद्रव्येभ्यो निष्पाद्यत इत्यणुतैलम् ||२८|| Chi4/28
The wooden
flank of oil processing Machine should be cut in pieces and put in a big vessel .Pour water and boil it. The oil
which is absorbed in the wooden pieces years together comes out and floats on
water surface. Remove and collect the oil and process it with expected vataghna
herbs. Since this oil is drawn from Anu that is minute particles, is called as
Anutaila. This Anu tail has a special capacity to penetrate in small miniature
space and is greately used in the nasya as to penetrate in skull’s minute
pores.Such a great wisdom and processing Sushrut has advised.
4) Bhagna Prasarak Taila- ch
chi 3/55
This is a
distinctive and unique feature of oil advised by Acharya Sushrut. It contains a
very complex but an effective method to extract and process oil.
अत ऊर्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि तैलं भग्नप्रसाधकम् |
रात्रौ रात्रौ तिलान् कृष्णान् वासयेदस्थिरे जले ||५५||
दिवा दिवा शोषयित्वा गवां क्षीरेण भावयेत् |
तृतीयं सप्तरात्रं तु भावयेन्मधुकाम्बुना ||५६||
ततः क्षीरं पुनः पीतान् सुशुष्कांश्चूर्णयेद्भिषक् |
काकोल्यादिं सयष्ट्याह्वं मञ्जिष्ठां सारिवां तथा ||५७||
चतुर्गुणेन पयसा तत्तैलं विपचेद्भिषक् ||५९||
Black colored sesame seeds are to be tied in a cloth and put
in the running water in a river. Take out them in next morning and dry it in
sunlight. Do this process for seven times in seven days. Put cow milk and again
process it for 1 week . In third week the sesame seeds should be saturated in
Yashtimadhu decoction and powder it. Again process it with some herbs and press
such sesame seeds to extract oil. This oil should be boiled with milk and some
other herbs on gentle fire. This oil contains some aromatic herbs ,thus it is
called Gandhataila.
बाधिर्ये तिमिरे चैव ये च स्त्रीषु क्षयं गताः |
Here instead of directly pressing the seeds, soaking the seeds in various
medias improves its osmosis again is dried and processed in milk which contains
the nourishing properties of milk ,makes a unique oil. Also instead of making the taila siddha in Yashtimadhu, the
Tilas are previously processed by the
Yashtimadhu quath. Afterwards it’ s oil is drawn. This process might enhance
the Bhavana of yashtimadhu in The
molecules of Tila .Now it can penetrate in all sukshma srotasas and can act as
Indriyabalavardhak due to micro processing of yashtimadhu in it.
मुखं च पद्मप्रतिमं ससुगन्धिसमीरणम् ||६५||
Since it
penetrates in all porous openings of skull , it gives luster and aroma to facial skin.
5. Sahasrapak Taila - Su Chi 4/29
अथ महापञ्चमूलकाष्ठैर्बहुभिरवदह्यावनिप्रदेशमसितमुषितमेकरात्रमुपशान्तेऽग्नावपोह्य भस्म निवृत्तां भूमिं विदारिगन्धादिसिद्धेन तैलघटशतेन तुल्यपयसाऽभिषिच्यैकरात्रमवस्थाप्य ततो यावती मृत्तिका स्निग्धा स्यात्तामादायोष्णोदकेन महति कटाहेऽभ्यासिञ्चेत्, तत्र यत्तैलमुत्तिष्ठेत्तत् पाणिभ्यां पर्यादाय स्वनुगुप्तं निदध्यात्; ततस्तैलं वातहरौषधक्वाथमांसरसक्षीराम्लभागसहस्रेण सहस्रपाकं विपचेद्यावता कालेन शक्नुयात् पक्तुं, प्रतिवापश्चात्र हैमवता दक्षिणापथगाश्च गन्धा वातघ्नानि च, तस्मिन् सिध्यति शङ्खानाध्मापयेद्दुन्दुभीनाघातयेच्छत्रं धारयेद्बालव्यजनैश्च वीजयेद्ब्राह्मणसहस्रं भोजयेत्, तत् साधु सिद्धमवतार्य सौवर्णे राजते मृन्मये वा पात्रे स्वनुगुप्तं निदध्यात्, तदेतत् सहस्रपाकमप्रतिवारवीर्यं राजार्हं तैलम्; एवं भागशतविपक्वं शतपाकम् ||२९||
This indeed
is a unique and distinctive processing of oil described by our great sage
Sushruta.Not only mere processing but it has some eternal power acquired
by the wholy blessings of Brahmanas.
The wooden
pieces of the herbs of Mahapanchmula should be burnt on the plot of a land of
black soil.The fire should be kept burning for the whole night. Due to the heat
given, the soil becomes porous and its intermolecular space increases which
might increase the absorbing capacity of soil.
Next morning
remove the ash ,let the floor cool and pour Ashwagandhadi siddha milk and same oil on it in large amount till one
overnight. Next day remove all the wet soil soaked in oil and put it in a big
vessel containing water. Let the water boil, the sneha absorbed in the soil
comes out and floats on the surface of water. Collect the floating oil and boil
it 1000 times with various Vataghna dravyas.
While
processing it with various herbs, make ‘Shankhadhwani’ means
the auspicious sound of counches , Beat the drums and feed 100
brahmins like an auspicious ceremony.
All this
process of oil which has passed through mud particles, is now minute and might
be having an excellent penetrating power. Hence it is advised in vatavyadhi
which should have sukshmasrotogamitwa deep upto the bone marrow.The Blessings of Brahman and
1000 times processing makes it “Apratihar
virya yukta”that means with execeptionally powerful according to Sushruta.
6) Dipika
Tailam-
Karna
roga pratishedha Adhyay- Su. U. 21/20
महतः पञ्चमूलस्य काण्डमष्टादशाङ्गुलम् |
क्षौमेणावेष्ट्य संसिच्य तैलेनादीपयेत्ततः ||२०||
यत्तैलं च्यवते तेभ्यो धृतेभ्यो भाजनोपरि |
ज्ञेयं तद्दीपिकातैलं सद्यो गृह्णाति वेदनाम् ||२१||
Dalhan-
दीपिकातैलमाह- महत इत्यादि| काण्डं खण्डं, क्षौमेण अतसीवस्त्रेण, आवेष्ट्य ‘त्रिभागम्’ इति शेषः| घृतेभ्यो ‘अधोमुखम्’ इति शेषः| गृह्णाति अपहरति||२०-२१||
Here a
unique oil is processed in an unusual way. Instead of processing the medicines poured in oil ,here the small pieces of Bruhat
Panchamula are covered with silk cloth ,soaked in til oil and are burnt .The
oil processed with smoking of the bruhatpanchamula drips down from the wooden
pieces. Collect the brilliantly prepared luke warm oil .
Sushruta
has masterly advised this oil for the karna shula.Since it has sparkling heating
of the wooden sticks soaked in oil, it is called as Dipika taila. He has also
advised to use other sticks of the herbs like Bhadrakashtha, Kushtha, saral ,
Eranda and Agnimantha kashtha to prepare same processing . Make a note here
that only specific herbal sticks only are advised here as they may bear the
fire and active principles are extracted through the oil.
कुर्यादेवं भद्रकाष्ठे कुष्ठे काष्ठे च सारले |
मतिमान् दीपिकातैलं कर्णशूलनिबर्हणम् ||२२||
Thus we can observe a variety of
distinctive processing of oils done by Acharya Sushruta according to the need of disease and the qualities of herbs used.
